Mathematical models of cognition are often memoryless and ignore potential fluctuations of their parameters. However, human cognition is inherently dynamic, regardless of the reference time scale. Thus, we propose to augment mechanistic cognitive models with a temporal dimension and estimate the resulting dynamics from a superstatistics perspective. In its simplest form, such a model entails a hierarchy between a low-level observation model and a high-level transition model. The observation model describes the local behavior of a system, and the transition model specifies how the parameters of the observation model evolve over time. To overcome the estimation challenges resulting from the complexity of superstatistical models, we develop and validate a simulation-based deep learning method for Bayesian inference, which can recover both time-varying and time-invariant parameters. We first benchmark our method against two existing frameworks capable of estimating time-varying parameters. We then apply our method to fit a dynamic version of the diffusion decision model to long time series of human response times data. Our results show that the deep learning approach is very efficient in capturing the temporal dynamics of the model. Furthermore, we show that the erroneous assumption of static or homogeneous parameters will hide important temporal information.

神经密度估计值证明在各种研究领域进行高效的仿真贝叶斯推理方面具有显着强大。特别是，Bayesflow框架使用两步方法来实现在仿真程序隐式地定义似然函数的设置中的摊销参数估计。但是当模拟是现实差的差异时，这种推断是多么忠实？在本文中，我们概念化了基于模拟的推论中出现的模型误操作的类型，并系统地研究了这些误操作下的Bayesflow框架的性能。我们提出了一个增强优化目标，它对潜伏数据空间上的概率结构施加了概率结构，并利用了最大平均差异（MMD）来检测推理期间的可能灾难性的误操作，破坏了所获得的结果的有效性。我们验证了许多人工和现实的误操作的检测标准，从玩具共轭模型到复杂的决策和疾病爆发动态的复杂模型应用于实际数据。此外，我们表明后部推理误差随着真实数据生成分布与潜在摘要空间中的典型模拟集之间的常数而增加。因此，我们展示了MMD的双重实用性作为检测模型误操作的方法和作为验证摊销贝叶斯推理的忠实性的代理。